Prior research recognizes that inter-organizational technology transfer (ITT) is inherently a socio-technical process where success is critically contingent upon human interaction and organizational alignment between partners. However, empirical investigations predominantly rely on archival proxy measures that capture technical-economic exchanges while overlooking essential human and organizational dimensions. Through a three-phase survey-based longitudinal study, we address this incongruity. First, we conceptualize ITT as comprising four interdependent, non-substitutable components: capital-, human-, information-, and organization-embodied. Next, using a sample of 437 ITT engagements, we develop a 16-item multi-dimensional scale capturing human interactions and organizational alignment. Finally, using a matched sample of 227 ITT engagements, we establish ITT's nomological network by validating its relationship with interaction quality and performance while examining how organizational compatibility shapes these performance benefits. By addressing longstanding challenges of construct clarity (delineating conceptual properties) and construct validity (psychometrically valid scale), we enable examination of previously unexplored relationships in technology transfer research, advancing theory and practice.
