The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought organizations with both opportunities and challenges. While AI can significantly enhance work efficiency and effectiveness, there remain potential concerns regarding its capability, ethicality, and impact on organizational processes and outcomes. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Ambivalence Toward AI, defined as individuals’ experience of simultaneously positive and negative attitudes toward AI. We develop a conceptual framework around its unique antecedents, functional outcomes, and boundary conditions, offering testable propositions. Importantly, we propose that ambivalence toward AI is neither static nor transient but dynamic and sustained. Overall, this paper sheds light on the complexities of human-AI interactions and provides insights for managers navigating AI integration in organizational settings.
