Behavioral spillover research on pro-environmental behavior (PEB) surges in recent years, offering a cost-effective way to enhance environmental policy and intervention implementation. Extending research on spillover from employee in-role PEB to extra-role PEB, this study focuses on beneficiaries of in-role PEBs and explores how employee perceived environmental and organizational impacts, respectively, drive PEB spillover patterns. Drawing on altruism framework and prosocial impact theory, we propose that in-role PEB leads to both perceived environmental impact and perceived organizational impact, and thus, generates distinct spillover effects. Specifically, in-role PEBs positively influence subsequent extra-role PEBs via perceived environmental impact, while exhibiting a curvilinear (U-shape) relationship through perceived organizational impact. Three-wave data from 311 employees support these hypotheses. By uncovering distinct spillover patterns tied to perceived impacts on different beneficiaries, this study advances theoretical understanding of PEB spillover and revisits the motivating nature of perceived prosocial impact.
