According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), the global workforce includes approximately 164 million migrant workers. This conceptual review explores the health and well-being challenges faced by three categories of migrant workers—immigrants, refugees, and labor export workers—which extends management scholars’ almost exclusive focus on expatriates. Immigrants seek permanent residence for better opportunities, whereas refugees flee conflict and persecution, often facing downward mobility upon resettlement. Labor export workers, particularly foreign domestic helpers, fill labor shortages but encounter significant vulnerabilities due to their often-invisible status. This paper reviews literatures in multiple disciplines on migrant workers’ experience through the full migration cycle, namely departure, integration, and repatriation, highlighting the unique challenges faced by each group at each stage. By summarizing the health and well-being challenges across these stages, this review aims to provide insights for organizations to better support migrant workers.
