Despite its growing importance, literature on managerial coaching remains fragmented, often focusing on isolated aspects without offering a comprehensive understanding of its key components and their relationships. To address this desideratum, we applied the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) approach to synthesize existing research based on 56 studies and identified preconditions, competencies, and outcomes of effective managerial coaching. Through this systematic synthesis, we introduce the managerial coaching effectiveness (MCE) framework, which illustrates the interplay and mutual influence among these key elements and highlights the dynamic nature of managerial coaching. This framework emphasizes the importance of contextualizing coaching practices by addressing boundary conditions, such as cultural and organizational environments. By providing a structured foundation this review advances managerial coaching theory as the MCE framework integrates relational, emotional, and growth-oriented competencies as well as refines measurement approaches through the standardization of coaching definitions and metrics. From a practical perspective, the MCE framework guides applied usage by offering HRM practitioners actionable insights to tailor coaching practices for diverse cultural and organizational contexts.
