While scholars widely acknowledge the impact of digitalization on contemporary business, existing research frequently treats digitalization as a unified concept, overlooking its complex, multidimensional nature. Our study addresses this gap by developing a psychometrically sound scale of digital technology adoption to understand the complex phenomenon of digitalization. To obtain a generalizable scale, our study develops and validates 19 items, classifying them into four dimensions defining a firm’s digital technology adoption. By delineating and operationalizing the key technologies that underpin digital technology adoption (i.e., digital communication technology, digital in situ technology, digital data analytics technology, and digital networking technology), we offer a finer-grained understanding of how firms leverage digital technologies. Ultimately, this study seeks to advance theoretical understanding and managerial practice by providing a valid and reliable measurement tool for digital technology adoption.
