Royal Holloway - University of London, United Kingdom
Organizational social networks are extensively researched, however, the impact of informal social networks tied to distinctive socio-institutional structures/norms remains underexplored. This conceptual paper explores wasta, a form of informal network and social capital widely prevalent in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region that is inextricably tied to tribal allegiances, family and community by applying the lens of organizational social network theory. We consider key theoretical concepts of interaction, interdependence, and reciprocity to explore how wasta is deeply embedded in unique socio-cultural contexts, resulting in the maintenance of existing societal-level hierarchies and patriarchal power structures. Crucially, we highlight how informal networks like wasta may perpetuate gender inequalities and limit women's access to career opportunities, as a counter narrative to Western research highlighting that social networks can empower female employees. In conclusion, we call for future research to explore region-specific dynamics and explicitly address the gendered nature of social networks.
