As organizations increasingly adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, there is a growing need to better understand the factors that impact employee perceptions and use of the technology. In this paper, we utilize a study of 297 respondents to investigate how work characteristics and proactive personality impact actual use of AI on the job and the perceived usefulness of ChatGPT in the workplace. The findings of our study reveal that autonomy and information processing are positively related to both perceived usefulness and current use of AI on the job. We also find that workers with more proactive personalities are more likely to use AI and see ChatGPT as useful. We identify a nuanced role of proactive personality in moderating the relationships between autonomy and both current use and perceived usefulness. This research presents both theoretical and practical implications as we highlight the importance of technology adoption strategies that align with both job and employee characteristics.
