This study examines collective employee turnover, collective inflow, and collective remote work. Job growth within business units is an important dependent variable. The impact of human capital losses from collective turnover is better understood when simultaneously considering collective inflow. Four types of human capital strategies are: hiring freeze, a combination of collective turnover with no collective inflow resulting in rapid job loss; downsizing, with collective turnover greater than collective inflow also resulting in job loss; churn with collective turnover and collective inflow at roughly the same levels; and upsurge with collective inflow greater than collective turnover resulting in positive job growth. Data from 540 business units across firms and industries indicated that collective turnover reduced job growth, but firms with remote work had higher job growth. Paradoxically, employers with remote work had higher collective turnover. The positive influence of remote jobs on inflow generates collective inflow exceeding collective turnover. The result was increased job growth for firms with remote work and an upsurge strategy.
